Delay Codes starting with 8 (air traffic control) These Codes are used for Air Traffic Control (ATC) Restrictions (81-84) and Airport or Governmental Authorities caused delays. 81 (AT): ATC restriction en-route or capacity; 82 (AX): ATC restriction due to staff shortage or equipment failure en-route; 83 (AE): ATC restriction at destination. ATC and the FMD and for providing ATFM support to Aircraft Operators. 6.2 The Network Management Specialist (NMS) is responsible to the Network Manager for monitoring delays and FMD regulations to optimise traffic flow through UK sectors. The NMS will also undertake message exchanges with the FMD on behalf of ATC or Aircraft Operators when.
:'For other uses, see' IATA (disambiguation) .
IATA Delay Codes were created to help airlines standardize why a commercial flight left late from its departure airport .
Previously every airline had its own system , so IATA standardized the format of transmission of delay information into these delay codes. These delay codes are used to find out who is responsible for the delay and who will be penalised. Normally theses codes are used in movement message s sent by SITA Telex from the Departure airport to the Destination airport.
An aircraft on ground costs money, therefore airlines make an effort to minimize ground time. Very often, airline s and ground handling have contracts based on a bonus -malus system, penalizing the handling agent for delays caused by his staff. Several groups of delay codes are qualified as station delays or airport delays. Therefore every minute delay costs somebody money .
Most airlines use the 2-digit numeric codes, but some prefer the alpha-numerical format.
I don't see any reference to 'take-off, no delay' or 'cleared for immediate take-off' in the FAA ORDER JO 7110.65W (air traffic control procedures and phraseology). I believe both are correct with ATC opting to use 'Cleared for take-off, no delay.' To shorten their transmission to save time. We further compare the delay costs after improving airport slot adherence and we run APSA for MINP inf and MINP for both regulations. ATFM slot re-allocation for Regulation 1 to find an optimal airport slot adherence improved the delay cost to 3845EUR, compared to MINP inf only. For the capacity constrained case the delay cost also decreased.
Delay Codes starting with 0
Delay Codes starting with 0 are used for internal airline purposes. Every airline is free to use these codes and to determine particular application fields.
However the following codes are standard, even if some airlines do not use them:
* 01 Lack of or late boarding busses
* 02 Repercussion technical problem on previous flight or other aircraft in the fleet
* 05 Stand-by delay code while delay code under investigation
* 06 No gate/stand availability due to own airline activity
* 09Schedule d ground time less than declared minimum ground time
* 01 Lack of or late boarding busses
* 02 Repercussion technical problem on previous flight or other aircraft in the fleet
* 05 Stand-by delay code while delay code under investigation
* 06 No gate/stand availability due to own airline activity
* 09
Delay Codes starting with 1
These Codes are used to describe delays caused by Passenger and Baggage handling .
* 11 Late Check-in , acceptance of passenger s after deadline
* 12 Late Check-in, congestion in check-in area
* 13 Check-in error
* 14Oversales , booking errors
* 15 Boarding,discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger at gate
* 16 Commercial Publicity, Passenger Convenience, VIP, Press, Ground meals and missing personal items
* 17Catering order, late or incorrect order given to supplier
* 18 Baggage processing, sorting, etc.
* 12 Late Check-in, congestion in check-in area
* 13 Check-in error
* 14
* 15 Boarding,
* 16 Commercial Publicity, Passenger Convenience, VIP, Press, Ground meals and missing personal items
* 17
* 18 Baggage processing, sorting, etc.
Delay Codes starting with 2
These Codes are used to describe delays caused by Cargo (21-26) and Mail Handling (27-29).
* 21 Documentation, errors, etc.
* 22 Late positioning
* 23 Late acceptance
* 24 Inadequate packing
* 25 Oversales, booking errors
* 26 Late preparation in warehouse
* 27 Mail Oversales, packing, etc.
* 28 Mail Late positioning
* 29 Mail Late acceptance
* 22 Late positioning
* 23 Late acceptance
* 24 Inadequate packing
* 25 Oversales, booking errors
* 26 Late preparation in warehouse
* 27 Mail Oversales, packing, etc.
* 28 Mail Late positioning
* 29 Mail Late acceptance
Delay Codes starting with 3
These Codes are used to describe delays caused by aircraft and ramp handling
* 31 Aircraft documentation late or inaccurate, weight and balance (Loadsheet ), general declaration , passenger manifest , etc.
* 32 Loading, Unloading, bulky/special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff
* 33 Loading Equipment, lack of orbreakdown , e.g. containerpallet loader, lack of staff
* 34 Servicing Equipment, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps
* 35 AircraftCleaning
* 36Fuelling , Defuelling , fuel supplier
* 37 Catering, late delivery or loading
* 38 ULD,Containers , pallets , lack of or breakdown
* 39 Technical equipment, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g.pushback
* 32 Loading, Unloading, bulky/special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff
* 33 Loading Equipment, lack of or
* 34 Servicing Equipment, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps
* 35 Aircraft
* 36
* 37 Catering, late delivery or loading
* 38 ULD,
* 39 Technical equipment, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g.
Delay Codes starting with 4
These Codes are used to describe technical delay reasons
* 41 Aircraft defect s
* 42Schedule d maintenance, late release
* 43 Non-scheduled maintenance, special checks and / or additional works beyond normal maintenance
* 44Spares and maintenance equipment, lack of or breakdown
* 45 AOG (Aircraft on ground for technical reasons) Spares, to be carried to another station
* 46 Aircraft change for technical reasons
* 47Standby aircraft, lack of planned standby aircraft for technical reasons
* 48 Scheduledcabin configuration and version adjustment
* 42
* 43 Non-scheduled maintenance, special checks and / or additional works beyond normal maintenance
* 44
* 45 AOG (Aircraft on ground for technical reasons) Spares, to be carried to another station
* 46 Aircraft change for technical reasons
* 47
* 48 Scheduled
Delay Codes starting with 5
These Codes are used to describe damage to aircraft and automated equipment failure.
* 51 Damage during flight operations, bird or lightning strike, turbulence , heavy or overweight landing
* 52 Damage during ground operations, collisions (other than during taxiing, loading/offloading damage,contamination , towing, extreme weather conditions
* 55Departure Control System , Check-in, weight and balance (loadcontrol ), computer system error, baggage sorting, gate-reader error or problems
* 56 Cargo preparation/documentation system
* 57Flight plan s
* 58 Other computer systems
* 52 Damage during ground operations, collisions (other than during taxiing, loading/offloading damage,
* 55
* 56 Cargo preparation/documentation system
* 57
* 58 Other computer systems
Delay Codes starting with 6
These Codes are assigned to Operation s and Crew caused delays
* 61 Flight plan, late completion or change of flight documentation
* 62 Operational requirements, fuel,load alteration
* 63 Late crewboarding or departure procedures
* 64Flight deck crew shortage, Crew rest
* 65 Flight deck crew special request or error
* 66 Latecabin crew boarding or departure procedures
* 67 Cabin crew shortage
* 68 Cabin crew error or special request
* 69Captain request for security check, extraordinary
* 62 Operational requirements, fuel,
* 63 Late crew
* 64
* 65 Flight deck crew special request or error
* 66 Late
* 67 Cabin crew shortage
* 68 Cabin crew error or special request
* 69
Delay Codes starting with 7
Atc Slot Delay Codes Code
These Codes explain weather caused delays.
* 71 Departure station
* 72 Destination station
* 73Enroute or Alternate
* 75De-Icing of aircraft, removal of ice/snow, frost prevention
* 76 Removal of snow/ice/water/sand from airport/runway
* 77Ground handling impaired by adverse weather conditions
* 72 Destination station
* 73
* 75
* 76 Removal of snow/ice/water/sand from airport/
* 77
Delay Codes starting with 8
These Codes are used for Air Traffic Control (ATC) Restrictions (81-84) and Airport or Governmental Authorities caused delays.
* 81 ATC restriction en-route or capacity
* 82 ATC restriction due to staff shortage or equipment failure en-route
* 83 ATC restriction at destination
* 84 ATC restriction due to weather at destination
* 85 Mandatorysecurity
* 86Immigration , Customs , Health
* 87 Airport Facilities, parking stands, ramp congestion, buildings, gate limitations, ...
* 88 Restrictions at airport of destination, airport/runway closed due obstruction, industrial action , staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew , special flights, ...
* 89 Restrictions at airport of departure, airport/runway closed due obstruction, industrial action , staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew , special flights, start-up and pushback , ...
* 82 ATC restriction due to staff shortage or equipment failure en-route
* 83 ATC restriction at destination
* 84 ATC restriction due to weather at destination
* 85 Mandatory
* 86
* 87 Airport Facilities, parking stands, ramp congestion, buildings, gate limitations, ...
* 88 Restrictions at airport of destination, airport/
* 89 Restrictions at airport of departure, airport/
Delay Codes starting with 9
Codes uses for reactionary reasons or Miscellaneous.
* 91 Passenger or Load Connection , awaiting load or passengers from another flight . Protection of stranded passengers onto a new flight.
* 92Through Check-in error
* 93 Aircraft rotation
* 94 Cabin crew rotation
* 95 Crew rotation (entire orcockpit crew)
* 96 Operations control, rerouting, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical
* 97 Industrial action within own airline
* 98 Industrial action outside own airline
* 99 Miscellaneous, not elsewhere specified
* 92
* 93 Aircraft rotation
* 94 Cabin crew rotation
* 95 Crew rotation (entire or
* 96 Operations control, rerouting, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical
* 97 Industrial action within own airline
* 98 Industrial action outside own airline
* 99 Miscellaneous, not elsewhere specified
References
* [http://www.b737mrg.net/downloads/b737mrg_delaycodes.pdf IATA Delay Codes - Table by Captain Pat BOONE - www.b737mrg.net]
External links
* [http://www.internationalbusinesstools.com/ontime.pl On-time and delayed flight information for US airlines and airports.]
Air traffic control |
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This page lists some common phraseologies used in the communication between pilots and ATC.
- Items in italic need to be replaced by the relevant information.
- Lists are dialogues between the pilot and the controllers; we assume that station is the controller's callsign and that callsign is the pilot's callsign.
- Most items critical for the safety of flight (such as new headings/altitudes...) must be read back (repeated) by the pilot; this allows the controller to check whether the pilot understood them correctly. In case readback is required, this will be mentioned. Do not just say 'roger' in those cases – that's a common error. If an item is read back wrongly, the controller should just state it again.
- Some clearances (authorizations) may be combined in a single sentence for brevity.
For a detailed tutorial in ATCing, please take a look at the ATC Tutorial.
- 8Ground/tower controller coordination
General
Phraseology | Meaning | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Affirmative (abbreviation: affirm) | Yes | |
Negative | No | |
| A controller asks the pilot to change radio frequency and contact another controller; the pilot acknowledges the instruction and then changes frequency. | If the new controller does not respond, change to the previous frequency and inform ATC. |
Roger | I received your information | This sentence is often abused; it should not be used in case a readback (repetition of the message you heard, for safety reasons) is required. |
Wilco | Will comply | This sentence should not be used in case a readback (repetition of the message you heard, for safety reasons) is required. |
Say again | Please repeat your last message | |
Standby | Please wait | Often said by a controller because (s)he's busy at the moment |
Correction | Disregard what has been said immediately before (as it's erroneous) and replace it with the words that follow. | Example: Callsign, taxi to holding point runway 22 via N – correction, via A means: Callsign, taxi to holding point runway 22 via A. |
Unable, reason | The pilot is not able to execute the instruction given by a controller for safety reasons. |
Clearance
Phraseology | Meaning | Remarks |
---|---|---|
| Used by a pilot to check if the controller can hear him well. | |
| Used by a pilot flying under instrument flight rules to ask which SID he is going to use for departure. | This is not an authorization to take off. |
| The pilot asks for permission to pushback (be pushed away from the stand by a tug). At the end of the maneuver, the aircraft should be headed direction. | |
| The pilot asks for permission to start up the engines. |
Taxi
Phraseology | Meaning | Remarks |
---|---|---|
| The pilot asks for authorization to taxi; the controller authorizes him to taxi to an holding point, reached which the pilot should stop and ask/wait for further instructions. | Refer to an updated aeronautical chart to know taxiway names. |
| The pilot asks for authorization to taxi and for controller guidance, as (s)he's not familiar with the airport; the controller tells the pilot when to perform each turn. | Progressive taxi should only be used in case you get lost and can't solve the situation on your own. |
| The controller instructs the pilot to give way to another plane. | |
| The pilot needs to cross a runway and asks the ground controller for permission; the ground controller obtains a clearance from Tower (not reported here) and authorizes the pilot to cross. | |
| The ground controller asks the pilot to stop at position (a taxiway entrance, runway crossing...). As soon as the pilot reaches the designated point, (s)he must inform the controller that the aircraft is 'holding short'. | |
| The ground controller asks the pilot to stop immediately/maintain the current position. |
Remark: the controller might ask you to follow an aircraft or to perform a maneuver after another aircraft has cleared the way (conditional clearance). In that case, (s)he will say 'After the aircraft type...'.
Takeoff and departure
Phraseology | Meaning | Remarks |
---|---|---|
| The tower controller instructs the aircraft to enter the runway, position itself in the center and await further clearance. |
|
| The controller authorizes the aircraft to take off. |
|
| The controller cancels the existing takeoff clearance (e.g. because there is an obstacle on the runway). | This form is used when the aircraft has not started the takeoff roll yet. |
| The controller cancels the existing takeoff clearance (e.g. because there is an obstacle on the runway). | This form is used when the aircraft has already started the takeoff roll. |
Climb, cruise, descent
Phraseology | Meaning | Remarks |
---|---|---|
| The pilot has just been transferred to another controller and contacts him/her announcing the current altitude, the altitude (s)he was cleared to and any other ATC clearances previously assigned (SID/STAR, etc.). The controller identifies the aircraft on the radar screen, announces so and, if needed, assigns a new squawk code/issues further clearances. | New clearances/squawk codes should be assigned only if needed and must be read back. |
| Climb (or descend) to new altitude and hold it until further instructions are given. | Flight levels below FL100 should be referred to as two digit numbers (to avoid confusion with headings). |
| The aircraft is instructed to turn left/right to another heading. | The pilot must execute the turn according to ATC instructions, even if it's not the most intuitive/direct way. |
| Proceed along a straight line towards fix/navaid. |
Approach and landing
Phraseology | Meaning | Remarks |
---|---|---|
| After reaching the first fix of the ILS approach, follow the altitudes and flight path specified by the approach procedure. |
|
| The pilot must tell ATC when (s)he has caught the localizer and glideslope. | |
| The pilot should continue the approach. | Generally used when the landing runway is still obstructed and the controller needs to delay the landing clearance. This is not an authorization to land. |
| Make number circles to the left/right, then continue on the original heading. | Used by ATC to space an aircraft from the one in front. |
| Enter (exit) the holding pattern (circular/oval path, usually drawn at the beginning of the approach). If entering, continue to fly it until further clearance. | Used by ATC to space an aircraft from the one in front. |
| Land on the specified runway. | This is the one and only clearance that authorizes an aircraft to land. |
| Abort the landing and fly the published missed approach. | Used when a controller deems that the landing would be unsafe. |
| The pilot aborts the landing and flies the published missed approach. | Used when the pilot deems that the landing would be unsafe. |
Emergency situations
Phraseology | Meaning | Remarks |
---|---|---|
| The pilot declares an emergency (immediate attention is required). |
|
| The pilot tells the controller (s)he's in distress, but that immediate attention is not required. | |
Pilot:Station, TCAS RA. | The pilot tells the controller (s)he has received a TCAS resolution advisory. | In case a TCAS RA is issued, follow the TCAS instructions and ignore any conflicting ATC instructions. |
Pilot: Unable, TCAS RA. | Used in case the instructions given by ATC can not be followed because they are conflicting to the ones given by the TCAS. | |
Pilot:Station, clear of conflict, returning to assigned clearance. | Used after the TCAS has stated the aircraft is clear of conflict. |
Ground/tower controller coordination
Aircraft crossing runways
This phraseology is used when a pilot needs to cross an active runway and the ground/tower controllers coordinate to issue crossing clearances.
Pilot | Ground controller | Tower controller | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Callsign, holding short runway, request permission to cross. | The pilot tells the ground controller (s)he's at the entrance of the active runway runway and asks the ground controller for permission to cross it. | ||
Station Ground to Station Tower. | The ground controller calls the tower controller on an intercom. | ||
Station Tower. | The tower controller replies. | ||
Callsign on holding, request permission to cross runway runway, Station Ground. | The ground controller asks the tower controller whether the aircraft can cross the active runway or not. | ||
Cleared to cross runway, Station Tower. | The tower controller clears the aircraft to cross the runway. | ||
Station Ground. | The ground controller ends the call. | ||
Station Tower. | The tower controller ends the call. | ||
callsign, cleared to cross runway. | The ground controller instructs the aircraft to cross (on frequency). | ||
Cleared to cross runway, callsign. | The pilot reads back the instructions. |
Atc Slot Delay Codes 2020
Change of active runways
This phraseology is used by the tower controller to inform Ground that the active runways have changed.
Atc Slot Delay Codes Redeem
Ground controller | Tower controller | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Station Tower to Station Ground. | The tower controller calls the ground controller on the intercom. | |
Station Ground. | The ground controller answers the call. | |
Arrival runway is runway, departure runway is runway, Station Tower. | The tower controller informs the ground controller of the new runway configuration in use. | |
Arrival runway is runway, departure runway is runway, copied. | The ground controller reads back the information. | |
Station Tower. | The tower controller ends the call. | |
Station Ground. | The ground controller ends the call. |
External links
- All Clear? Toolkit, Eurocontrol
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